探秘“药食同源” | 药食同源中药材的起源与发展

“药食同源”源于中国传统医学的智慧,指的是一些食物与药物之间存在着相似的成分和功效,食物即药物,有些药物也是食物。药食同源中药材严格来讲是指传统作为食品,且列入《中华人民共和国药典》的药材。
作者:小毅
时间:2023-08-16
阅读次数:802

药食同源”源于中国传统医学的智慧,指的是一些食物与药物之间存在着相似的成分和功效,食物即药物,有些药物也是食物。药食同源中药材严格来讲是指传统作为食品,且列入《中华人民共和国药典》的药材。药食同源中药材兼具药食两性,可通过“补气”、“扶正”、“固本”实现治“未病”的效果。

Medicinal-Food Homology originates from the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicines, referring to the existence of similar components and effects between certain foods and drugs. In this concept, food is considered as medicine, and some medicines can also be regarded as food. Strictly speaking, medicinal and edible homologous Chinese medicines are those traditionally consumed as food and listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. These herbs possess dual characteristics of both medicine and food, and exhibit the effect such as "tonifying Qi" (nourishing vital energy), "supporting the upright" (strengthening the body's resistance), and "consolidating the foundation" (enhancing overall health) to prevent diseases.

《中华人民共和国食品安全法》规定:“生产经营的食品中不得添加药品,但是可以添加按照传统既是食品又是中药材的物质”。中华人民共和国卫生部2002年首次印发《既是食品又是药品的物品名单》,公布了87种药食同源中药材;2014年新増人参、山银花等15种药食同源中药材;2019年新增当归、山奈、西红花、草果、姜黄、荜茇等6种,同时将党参、肉苁蓉、铁皮石斛、西洋参、黄芪、灵芝、天麻、山茱萸、杜仲叶等9种中药材列为试点管理。

According to the Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, it is stipulated that medicinal substances shall not be added to the production and operation of food, but substances that are traditionally both food and medicinal herbs can be added. In 2002, the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China issued the first edition of the List of Items that are Both Food and Medicinal Substances, which included 87 medicinal and edible homologous Chinese medicines. In 2014, 15 additional medicinal herbs were added to the list. In 2019, six new additions were added. At the same time, nine medicinal herbs including codonopsis root, herba cistanches, dendrobium officinale, American ginseng, astragalus, reishi mushroom, gastrodia rhizome, cornus fruit, and Eucommia leaf were listed as pilot-managed substances.

国家卫健委现已公布的药食同源中药材名单如下:

丁香、八角茴香、刀豆、小茴香、小蓟、山药、山楂、马齿苋、乌梢蛇、乌梅、木瓜、火麻仁、代代花、玉竹、甘草、白芷、白果、白扁豆、白扁豆花、龙眼肉(桂圆)、决明子、百合、肉豆蔻、肉桂、余甘子、佛手、杏仁(甜、苦)、沙棘、牡蛎、芡实、花椒、赤小豆、阿胶、鸡内金、麦芽、昆布、枣(大枣、酸枣、黑枣)、罗汉果、郁李仁、金银花、青果、鱼腥草、姜(生姜、干姜)、枳椇子、枸杞子、栀子、砂仁、胖大海、茯苓、香橼、香薷、桃仁、桑叶、桑椹、桔红、桔梗、益智仁、荷叶、莱菔子、莲子、高良姜、淡竹叶、淡豆豉、菊花、菊苣、黄芥子、黄精、紫苏、紫苏籽、葛根、黑芝麻、黑胡椒、槐米、槐花、蒲公英、蜂蜜、榧子、酸枣仁、鲜白茅根、鲜芦根、蝮蛇、橘皮、薄荷、薏苡仁、薤白、覆盆子、藿香、人参、山银花、芫荽、粉葛、布渣叶、夏枯草、当归、山奈、西红花、草果、姜黄、荜茇……

The list of medicinal and edible homologous Chinese medicines published by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China is as follows:

Clove, Star anise, Sword bean, Fennel, Silybum marianum, Chinese yam, Hawthorn, Purslane, Black-striped snake, Chinese plum, Papaya, Hemp seed, Chinese alangium, Solomon's seal, Licorice, Chinese angelica, Ginkgo nut, Kidney bean, Longan fruit flesh, Cassia seed, Lily, Cinnamon, Chinese matrimony vine fruit, Finger citron, Apricot kernel, Sea buckthorn, Oyster shell, Euryale seed, Sichuan peppercorn, Adzuki bean, Donkey-hide gelatin, Gizzard lining, Barley sprout, Kelp, Jujube (red dates, sour jujube, black jujube), Monk fruit, Prunus seed, Honeysuckle, Houttuynia cordata, Ginger (fresh ginger, dried ginger), Zhi ju zi, Chinese wolfberry, Amomum fruit, Sterculia seed, Poria, Citron fruit, Mosla herb, Peach kernel, Mulberry leaf, Mulberry fruit, Tangerine peel, Platycodon root, Alpinia fruit, Lotus leaf, Radish seed, Lotus seed, Galangal, Lophatherum leaf, Fermented soybean, Chrysanthemum flower, Chicory herb, Yellow mustard seed, Polygonatum root, Perilla leaf, Perilla seed, Kudzu root, black sesame seed, Black pepper, Sophora fruit, Sophora flower, Dandelion, Honey, Chinese torreya seed, Sour jujube seed, Fresh imperata root, Fresh Phragmites root, Chinese pit viper, Tangerine peel, Peppermint, Coix seed, Chinese leek bulb, Raspberry fruit, Pogostemon herb, Ginseng, Honeysuckle flower, Coriander, Pueraria root, Sparganium leaf, Prunella herb, Chinese angelica root, Herba ecliptae, Safflower, Amomum fruit, Turmeric, Piper longum…

药食同源药材在安全性与药用价值方面具有得天独厚的优势,是中医治“未病”的主要手段之一,也是中药现代化的一个重要研发方向。在中医药理论的指导下,辅以现代科学技术与方法,充分挖掘药食同源资源宝库,进一步强化药食同源中药材的开发利用,有助于中药现代化的推进,有助于提升人民的健康福祉。

Medicinal and edible homologous Chinese medicines possess unparalleled advantages in terms of safety and medicinal value. They represent a key approach in traditional Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of diseases in the pre-pathological stage, and serve as a significant direction in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.Guided by theories of traditional Chinese medicines and supplemented by modern scientific technologies and methods, it is very important to enhance people's health and well-being through promoting the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine by tapping into the treasure trove and further strengthening the development and utilization of these medicinal and edible homologous Chinese medicines.

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